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I have provided the list of some major drug classes at the end.
Drug classifications can be extensive, as they categorize medications based on their chemical characteristics, therapeutic effects, and mechanisms of action. Here is a comprehensive list of major drug classifications:
### Based on Therapeutic Use
1. **Analgesics**:
- Opioid analgesics (e.g., morphine, oxycodone)
- Non-opioid analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen)
2. **Antibiotics**:
- Penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin)
- Cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone)
- Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)
- Tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline)
- Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin)
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
3. **Antifungals**:
- Azoles (e.g., fluconazole)
- Echinocandins (e.g., caspofungin)
- Polyenes (e.g., amphotericin B)
4. **Antivirals**:
- Anti-HIV drugs (e.g., zidovudine)
- Anti-influenza drugs (e.g., oseltamivir)
- Anti-hepatitis drugs (e.g., sofosbuvir)
5. **Antidepressants**:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., fluoxetine)
- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (e.g., venlafaxine)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (e.g., amitriptyline)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., phenelzine)
6. **Antipsychotics**:
- Typical antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol)
- Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone)
7. **Anxiolytics**:
- Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)
- Non-benzodiazepines (e.g., buspirone)
8. **Anticonvulsants** (e.g., phenytoin, valproate)
9. **Antihypertensives**:
- ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril)
- Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol)
- Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine)
- Diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
10. **Antiarrhythmics** (e.g., amiodarone, digoxin)
11. **Antidiabetics**:
- Insulins (e.g., insulin glargine)
- Oral hypoglycemics (e.g., metformin, sulfonylureas)
12. **Lipid-lowering agents**:
- Statins (e.g., atorvastatin)
- Fibrates (e.g., fenofibrate)
13. **Diuretics**:
- Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)
- Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone)
14. **Gastrointestinal drugs**:
- Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole)
- H2 receptor antagonists (e.g., ranitidine)
- Antacids (e.g., aluminum hydroxide)
15. **Hormonal agents**:
- Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
- Estrogens (e.g., estradiol)
- Androgens (e.g., testosterone)
- Thyroid hormones (e.g., levothyroxine)
### Based on Mechanism of Action
1. **Enzyme Inhibitors**:
- ACE inhibitors
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
2. **Receptor Blockers**:
- Beta-blockers
- Alpha-blockers (e.g., doxazosin)
3. **Ion Channel Modulators**:
- Calcium channel blockers
- Sodium channel blockers (e.g., lidocaine)
4. **Neurotransmitter Modulators**:
- SSRIs
- Dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole)
### Based on Chemical Structure
1. **Alkaloids** (e.g., morphine, quinine)
2. **Steroids** (e.g., prednisone, estrogen)
3. **Peptides and Proteins** (e.g., insulin, erythropoietin)
4. **Nucleotides and Nucleosides** (e.g., acyclovir)
### Based on Legal Classification
1. **Prescription Drugs**
2. **Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs**
3. **Controlled Substances** (e.g., Schedule I-V drugs in the U.S.)
### Other Classifications
1. **Vaccines**
2. **Biologics**
3. **Radiopharmaceuticals**
4. **Herbal Supplements**
5. **Nutraceuticals**
This list provides an overview, but drug classifications can vary and overlap depending on context and specific uses.
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